Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a useful tool for immunophenotyping because it enables the visualization of immune system cells in context of their tissue environment. This post examines IHC in relation to other immunophenotyping tools and highlights the challenges of interspecies interpretation of IHC from toxicological pathology during early drug or preclinical …
5 different kinds of cytokine release assays: weathering the storm | CRA Post II
In our previous post, we outlined the dangers of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and the importance of preclinical Cytokine Release Assays (CRAs) when developing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that interact with the patient’s immune system. In this second post, we describe the different kinds of assays in use and how these …
In vitro cytokine release assays: is there calm after the storm? | CRA Post I
What is a cytokine storm? Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), otherwise known as cytokine storm, is a systemic inflammatory response caused by complications due to disease, infection or an adverse effect of biologic therapy. The clinical symptoms of a cytokine storm are massive release of a potent cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines …
What’s changing in SEND 3.1?
The SEND [Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data] Implementation Guide v3.1, “SEND 3.1,” changes the model for the reporting of cardiovascular and respiratory endpoints. SEND 3.1 became effective 15 March 2019 for NDA/BLA submissions; and it will become effective 15 March 2020 for IND submissions, overlapping with the effective period of the previous version, …
When to assess a drug’s potential for abuse: series introduction
Drug abuse and potential drug abuse are critical issues for today’s pharmaceutical industry and the health of patients. Understanding the latest FDA regulatory requirements, different study types, relevant timelines and logistics can be challenging. Conducted at a critical stage of drug development, the assessment for drug abuse potential is complex …
TDAR Assays for In Vivo Assessment and Testing
The immune system is the body’s main defense against foreign materials and biologic agents such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and foreign cells and tissues. The immune response includes specific action of lymphocytes (one type of white blood cell) and is facilitated by other white blood cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, …
Understanding Regulatory and Market Access Considerations With Drug Abuse Potential
Each assessment for abuse liability is as unique as the molecule in question, reiterating the importance of early awareness, understanding the current regulatory landscape, and being able to plan your development and post-marketing accordingly. In our previous blog post, we focused on the value of early drug abuse potential testing. …
Important Early Considerations For Assessing Drug Abuse Liability
Assessment of abuse potential of compounds in development is one of the most complex regulatory requirements and constitutes a critical exercise for sponsors and regulators. The strategy for the assessment of abuse potential cannot be customized and requires individual evaluation of the compound, its target indication and the entirety of …